Enrichment Materials: Treatment-Resistant Depression Deep Dive
VAST-D Study: Aripiprazole augmentation superior to bupropion switching for TRD. Remission rates higher with augmentation strategy.
SAINT Protocol: Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy showed 79% remission in open-label studies. FDA cleared 2022/2024. Personalizes targeting via fcMRI DLPFC-sgACC anticorrelation.
| Modality | Mechanism | Onset | Cognitive Effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| ECT | Electrical seizure | Rapid (days) | Retrograde amnesia (brief > ultrabrief) |
| MST | Magnetic seizure | Rapid (days) | Minimal (superior to ECT) |
| TMS | Magnetic depolarization | Gradual (weeks) | None |
| VNS | Chronic stimulation | Delayed (months) | None |